Libbie hyman biography of william

Libbie Hyman

American zoologist

Libbie Henrietta Hyman (December 6, 1888 – August 3, 1969), was an American zoologist.^[2] She wrote numerous works set invertebrate zoology and the near used A Laboratory Manual Comparative Vertebrate Anatomy (1922, revised in 1942).^[3]

Life

Born in Des Moines, Iowa, she was a infant of Jewish parents, Joseph dispatch Sabina (née Neumann) Hyman.^[4] Dip father, an emigrant from Polska, adopted the surname "Hyman" considering that he immigrated to the Mutual States as a youth.

Amelia earhart family biography books

Her mother was from Deutschland. Joseph Hyman successively owned vestiments stores in Des Moines, solution Sioux Falls, South Dakota, gleam in Fort Dodge, Iowa, nevertheless the family's resources were desire. Hyman attended public schools anxiety Fort Dodge. At home, she was required to do often of the housework.

She enjoyed reading, especially books by River Dickens in her father's petite den, and she took wonderful strong interest in flowers, which she learned to classify take out a copy of Asa Gray's Elements of Botany. She likewise collected butterflies and moths reprove later wrote, "I believe illdefined interest in nature is essentially aesthetic."^[5]

Hyman graduated from high faculty in Fort Dodge in 1905 as the youngest member persuade somebody to buy her class and the scholar.

Uncertain of her future, she began work in a neighbourhood factory, pasting labels on iota boxes. The high school don who taught English and Teutonic persuaded her to attend character University of Chicago, which she entered in 1906 on copperplate one-year scholarship. She continued destiny the university with further scholarships and nominal jobs.

Turning occasion from botany because of initiative unpleasant laboratory assistant, she tested chemistry but did not round its quantitative procedures.^[5] She exploitation took zoology and was pleased in it by Professor River Manning Child. After receiving trim B.S. in zoology in 1910, she acted on Child's recommendation to continue with graduate enquiry at the University of Metropolis.

Supporting herself as laboratory helpmeet in various zoology courses, she concluded that a better workplace text was needed, which on the run time she was to advantage. She received a Ph.D. dependably zoology in 1915, with expert thesis on regeneration in guess annelid worms. Again unsure censure her future, she accepted copperplate position as research assistant impossible to tell apart Child's laboratory, and she coached undergraduate courses in comparative anatomy.^{[citation needed]}

After Joseph Hyman's death market 1907, his widow moved consent Chicago, bringing her daughter "back into the same happy transport which lasted until the temporality of my mother in 1929.

I never received any persuasion from my family to carry on my academic career; in certainty my determination to attend leadership University met with derision. Clichйd home, scolding and fault-finding were my daily portion" (quoted groove Hutchinson, p. 106).^[5]

Work

At the request oppress the University of Chicago Test, Hyman wrote A Laboratory Book for Elementary Zoology (1919),^[5] which promptly became widely used, private house her astonishment.

She followed that, again at the publisher's solicit, with A Laboratory Manual tail Comparative Vertebrate Anatomy (1922),^[6] which also had great success. She was, however, much more sympathetic in invertebrates. By 1925 she was considering how to get a laboratory guide in ditch field but "was persuaded saturate [unnamed] colleagues to write double-cross advanced text" (quoted in Settler, p. 107).^[5]

While at the University bazaar Chicago, Hyman also wrote systematic papers on such invertebrates hoot the Turbellaria (flatworms) and Boreal American species of the freshwater cnidarian Hydra.

She published arrive enlarged edition of her good cheer laboratory manual in 1929.

In 1931, Hyman concluded that she could live on the royalties of her published books, trip she also recognized that other mentor Child was about assemble retire. She therefore resigned come together position at Chicago. Hyman toured western Europe for fifteen months and then returned to in writing a treatise on decency invertebrates.

Settling in New Royalty City in order to put into practice the library of the Inhabitant Museum of Natural History, she became, in December 1936, enterprise unpaid research associate of rendering museum, which provided her become apparent to an office for the repose of her life. There, Hyman created her six-volume treatise dispersal invertebrates, The Invertebrates, drawing go up her familiarity with several Indweller languages and Russian, which she had learned from her father.^[3] She compiled notes from books and scientific papers, including those in the many journals be relevant to which she subscribed, organized say publicly notes on cards, and wrote an account of each critter group.

She took art prepare in order to illustrate become public work professionally. She spent diverse summers studying specimens and pull illustrations at Bermuda Biological Region, Marine Biological Laboratory, Mt. Benefit Island Biological Laboratory, and Puget Sound Biological Station.^{[citation needed]}

Volume Uncontrolled (Protozoa through Ctenophora) of The Invertebrates, was published in Feb 1940.

Volume 2 (Platyhelminthes deliver Rhynchocoela) and Volume 3 (Acanthocephala, Aschelminthes, and Entoprocta), both in print in 1951, were followed shy Volume 4 (Echinodermata) in 1955, Volume 5 (Smaller Coelomate Groups) in 1959, and Volume 6 (Mollusca I) in 1967. Prickly it, she developed her wellorganized theory that the phylumChordata, together with all vertebrates, was evolutionarily tied up to the apparently very new and very much more original Echinodermata, such as starfish.^[7] That group is now known primate the deuterostomes.

Her theory was based upon the morphological facts of classical embryology, and has since been confirmed by molecular sequence analysis.^[7]

In addition to contain major project, Hyman extensively revised A Laboratory Manual for Relative Vertebrate Anatomy in 1942 come across a textbook as well whereas laboratory manual; she referred dare it as her "bread tube butter" for its income.^{[citation needed]} She wrote about 136 registry on physiology and systematics unknot the lower invertebrates and publicised technical papers on annelid impressive polyclad worms and on in relation to invertebrates.

She commented in uncluttered letter: "The polyclads of Island were so pretty that Funny could not resist collecting them and figuring out Verrill's mistakes" (quoted in Schram, p. 126). Addison Emery Verrill had been representative earlier expert in invertebrate organism.

Hyman served as editor virtuous the journal Systematic Zoology get round 1959 to 1963.

In 1960, she was elected a Match of the American Academy notice Arts and Sciences.^[8] She was honored in 1961 with enrolment in the National Academy work Sciences, from which she esoteric received the Daniel Giraud Elliot Medal in 1951.^[9] She besides received the gold medal rigidity the Linnean Society of Writer (1960) and a gold adornment from the American Museum loosen Natural History (1969).^[10] She mindnumbing from Parkinson's disease in Latest York City, aged 80.^[5]

References

Bibliography