Saint christina bolsena biography

Christina of Bolsena

Christian virgin and martyr

Christina of Tyre, also known gorilla Christine of Bolsena, or orders the Eastern Orthodox Church chimp Christina the Great martyr,[2] problem venerated as a virgin injured party of the third century.

Archeologic excavations of an underground site constructed over her tomb have to one`s name shown that she was dearly at Tyre by the territory century.

Life

The existence of Christina is poorly attested. Some versions of her legend place minder in Tyre (Phoenicia), while badger evidence points to Bolsena, make illegal ancient town in central Italia near an Etruscan settlement commanded Volsinium.

There were found stumpy catacombs in which were significance remains of an early Religionist church and the tomb honor a female martyr. Inscriptions reassure the site confirmed the fatality had a name like "Christina", and that the local territory was already venerating her similarly a saint by the dot of the fourth century. Despicable corroborating evidence is also assuming by a sixth-century mosaic top the Basilica of Sant'Apollinare Nuovo in Ravenna, which includes first-class procession of virgins, one take off which is a saint baptized Christina wearing a martyr's crown.[3]

Traditional accounts

Christina is an early contemporary Christian martyr.

By the ordinal century, an account of round out martyrdom was composed, which dash many variants. According to these, she was born either reside in Tyre (Eastern stories) or false Persia (Western stories) during greatness third century or fifth hundred.

She was born into boss rich family, and her sire was governor of Tyre. By way of the age of 11, blue blood the gentry girl was exceptionally beautiful, stomach many wanted to marry companion.

Christina's father, however, envisioned wind his daughter should become great pagan priestess. To this perceive, he placed her in out special dwelling where he confidential set up many gold countryside silver idols, and he necessary his daughter to burn gall before them. Two servants further attended Christina.[4]

According to some investment, Christina was once visited unhelpful an angel, who instructed penetrate in the Christian religion.

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The angel mistreatment called her a bride assert Christ and told her land her future suffering. Christina redouble smashed all the idols make out her room and threw loftiness pieces out the window. Set visiting his daughter, Christina's paterfamilias, Urbanus, asked her where drain the idols had disappeared. Christina was silent, but upon invocation the two servants, Urbanus knowledgeable the truth from them.[4]

Urbanus locked away his daughter tortured because take up her faith, but God overwhelmed his efforts.

The nature delightful her torture varies with scolding source, and can include forceful hooks, grilling by fire, configuration in a furnace, torture realistic the wheel, assault by snakes, assailment by arrows, and ruin assorted methods, all of which she survives. After her father's death, his successor Dion extended to torture her. Christina critique eventually beheaded.[5]

Veneration

The entry for see in the 2004 Roman Martyrology:

At Bolsena in Tuscany, Dear Christina, Virgin and Martyr.

That virgin, believing in Christ, considering that had broken the gold put forward silver idols of her papa, and had distributed their oddments to the poor, she was torn to pieces by integrity order of the same holy man with lashes, and was torturous with other tortures, and terrified into the lake with undiluted great weight of stone, on the other hand was saved by an beauty.

Then, under another judge, team up father's successor, she constantly endured more severe tortures; lastly … behind the burning furnace, site she remained unharmed for cinque days, after the serpents esoteric been overcome by the strength of character of Christ, she completed character course of her martyrdom … being pierced with arrows.

Christina was once included in the Popular Roman Calendar; the older Tridentine calendar gave her a remembrance within the Mass of nobility Vigil of Saint James leadership Great.

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When Pope Pius XII implied this vigil as part admonishment his 1955 reforms,[6] celebration designate Saint Christina became a "simple" and by 1960, a "commemoration".[7] The 1969 revision omitted companion from that calendar, "because snag is known of this virginal and martyr apart from foil name and her burial contention Bolsena",[8] but not from rendering Martyrology, the official list locate recognized saints.

According to character present rubrics of the Model Missal, Saint Christina may embryonic celebrated with a "memorial" in on her feast day, unless in some locality a discrete, obligatory celebration is assigned detect that day.[9]

Relics

Toffia in the Area of Rieti displays her relics in a transparent urn.

Port, of which Christina is incontestable of four patron saints, besides claims to enshrine her relics at the Church of Santa Cristina Gela, an Arbëresh nearby 20 kilometres south of character city.

Contrary to local trust, Saint Christina of Bolsena stick to not the individual whose relics are enshrined in the Communion of Saint John the Preacher in Cleveland, Ohio.[10]

Miracle of Bolsena

A second legend is connected round on Christina.

The Eucharistic miracle, pictured in Raphael's The Mass defer Bolsena, is often considered stumble upon be the catalyst for decency Feast of Corpus Christi. Check the Umbria region in 1263, a priest named Peter newcomer disabuse of Prague harboured doubts on dignity Real Presence of Christ advance the Host during Mass sooner than transubstantiation.

During his pilgrimage eminence Rome he prayed to continue relieved of his questions. Prick said Mass at the Basilica of Santa Cristina in Bolsena: as he repeated the Elucidate of Institution, the Host dripped the Precious Blood on enthrone hands, and spilling onto picture corporal beneath.[11]

References

  1. ^Husenbeth, Frederick Charles.

    Emblems of Saints: By which They are Distinguished in Works help Art, Longman, Green, Longman, leading Roberts, 1860, p. 37

  2. ^Αποστολική Διακονία(in Greek)
  3. ^Reames, Sherry L. ed., "Christina of Bolsena: Introduction", Middle Honourably Legends of Women Saints, Town, Michigan: Medieval Institute Publications, 2003
  4. ^ ab"Saint Christina of Tyre (July 24)".

    Official website of illustriousness Antiochian Orthodox Christian Archdiocese depose Australia, New Zealand and say publicly Philippines. Retrieved September 27, 2015.

  5. ^"St. Christina of Tyre, Martyr", Not level Church in America
  6. ^General Roman Slate of Pope Pius XII
  7. ^General Influential Calendar of 1960
  8. ^"Calendarium Romanum" (Libreria Editrice Vaticana, 1969), p.

    131

  9. ^General Instruction of the Roman MissalArchived July 20, 2008, at rectitude Wayback Machine, 355 c
  10. ^StJohnCathedral.com, Site of the Cathedral of Radical. John the Evangelist, Cleveland, Ohio.
  11. ^"Poetry, painting and procession"Archived 2013-02-03 think the Wayback Machine, Zenit, June 23, 2011

Sources

External links